Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString()

toLocaleDateString() 方法返回该日期对象日期部分的字符串，该字符串格式因不同语言而不同。新增的参数 locales 和 options 使程序能够指定使用哪种语言格式化规则，允许定制该方法的表现（behavior）。在旧版本浏览器中， locales 和 options 参数被忽略，使用的语言环境和返回的字符串格式是各自独立实现的。

语法 

dateObj.toLocaleDateString([locales [, options]])

参数

查看浏览器兼容性小节，看下哪些浏览器支持 locales 和 options 参数，还可以参看例子：检测 locales 和 options 参数支持情况。

locales Optional

A string with a BCP 47 language tag, or an array of such strings. To use the browser's default locale, omit this argument or pass undefined . Unicode extension are supported(for example " en-US-u-ca-buddhist "). For the general form and interpretation of the locales argument, see the Intl page. The following Unicode extension keys are allowed:

nu
Numbering system. Possible values include:" arab "," arabext "," bali "," beng "," deva "," fullwide "," gujr "," guru "," hanidec "," khmr "," knda "," laoo "," latn "," limb "," mlym "," mong "," mymr "," orya "," tamldec "," telu "," thai "," tibt ".
ca
Calendar. Possible values include:" buddhist "," chinese "," coptic "," ethiopia "," ethiopic "," gregory "," hebrew "," indian "," islamic "," iso8601 "," japanese "," persian "," roc ".
hc
Hour cycle. Possible values include:" h11 "," h12 "," h23 "," h24 ".
options Optional

An object with some or all of the following properties:

dateStyle
The date formatting style to use when calling format() . Possible values include:
  • " full "
  • " long "
  • " medium "
  • " short "
timeStyle
The time formatting style to use when calling format() . Possible values include:
  • " full "
  • " long "
  • " medium "
  • " short "
localeMatcher
The locale matching algorithm to use. Possible values are " lookup " and " best fit "; the default is " best fit ". For information about this option, see the Intl page.
timeZone
The time zone to use. The only value implementations must recognize is " UTC "; the default is the runtime's default time zone. Implementations may also recognize the time zone names of the IANA time zone database, such as " Asia/Shanghai "," Asia/Kolkata "," America/New_York ".
hour12
Whether to use 12-hour time(as opposed to 24-hour time). Possible values are true and false ; the default is locale dependent. This option overrides the hc language tag and/or the hourCycle option in case both are present.
hourCycle
The hour cycle to use. Possible values are " h11 "," h12 "," h23 ", or " h24 ". This option overrides the hc language tag, if both are present, and the hour12 option takes precedence in case both options have been specified.
formatMatcher
The format matching algorithm to use. Possible values are " basic " and " best fit "; the default is " best fit ". See the following paragraphs for information about the use of this property.

The following properties describe the date-time components to use in formatted output, and their desired representations. Implementations are required to support at least the following subsets:

  • weekday , year , month , day , hour , minute , second
  • weekday , year , month , day
  • year , month , day
  • year , month
  • month , day
  • hour , minute , second
  • hour , minute

Implementations may support other subsets, and requests will be negotiated against all available subset-representation combinations to find the best match. Two algorithms are available for this negotiation and selected by the formatMatcher property: A fully specified " basic " algorithm and an implementation-dependent " best fit " algorithm.

weekday
The representation of the weekday. Possible values are:
  • " long "(e.g., Thursday )
  • " short "(e.g., Thu )
  • " narrow "(e.g., T ). Two weekdays may have the same narrow style for some locales(e.g. Tuesday 's narrow style is also T ).
era
The representation of the era. Possible values are:
  • " long "(e.g., Anno Domini )
  • " short "(e.g., AD )
  • " narrow "(e.g., A )
year
The representation of the year. Possible values are:
  • " numeric "(e.g., 2012 )
  • " 2-digit "(e.g., 12 )
month
The representation of the month. Possible values are:
  • " numeric "(e.g., 2 )
  • " 2-digit "(e.g., 02 )
  • " long "(e.g., March )
  • " short "(e.g., Mar )
  • " narrow "(e.g., M ). Two months may have the same narrow style for some locales(e.g. May 's narrow style is also M ).
day
The representation of the day. Possible values are:
  • " numeric "(e.g., 1 )
  • " 2-digit "(e.g., 01 )
hour
The representation of the hour. Possible values are " numeric "," 2-digit ".
minute
The representation of the minute. Possible values are " numeric "," 2-digit ".
second
The representation of the second. Possible values are " numeric "," 2-digit ".
timeZoneName
The representation of the time zone name. Possible values are:
  • " long "(e.g., British Summer Time )
  • " short "(e.g., GMT+1 )

The default value for each date-time component property is undefined , but if the weekday , year , month , day properties are all undefined , then year , month , and day are assumed to be "numeric".

例子

例子：使用 toLocaleDateString

没有指定语言环境（locale）时，返回一个使用默认语言环境和格式设置（options）的格式化字符串。 

var date = new Date(Date.UTC(2012, 11, 12, 3, 0, 0));

// toLocaleDateString without arguments depends on the implementation,
// the default locale, and the default time zone
date.toLocaleDateString();
// → "12/11/2012" if run in en-US locale with time zone America/Los_Angeles

例子：检测 locales 和 options 参数支持情况

locales 和 options 参数不是所有的浏览器都支持。为了检测一种实现环境（implementation）是否支持它们，可以使用不合法的语言标签，如果实现环境支持该参数，则会抛出一个 RangeError 异常，反之会忽略参数。 

function toLocaleDateStringSupportsLocales() {
    try {
        new Date().toLocaleDateString("i");
    } catch (e) {
        return e.name === "RangeError";
    }
    return false;
}

例子：使用 locales

下例展示了本地化日期格式的一些变化。为了在应用的用户界面得到某种语言的日期格式，必须确保使用 locales 参数指定了该语言（可能还需要设置某些回退语言）。 

var date = new Date(Date.UTC(2012, 11, 20, 3, 0, 0));

// formats below assume the local time zone of the locale;
// America/Los_Angeles for the US

// US English uses month-day-year order
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("en-US"));
// → "12/19/2012"

// British English uses day-month-year order
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("en-GB"));
// → "20/12/2012"

// Korean uses year-month-day order
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("ko-KR"));
// → "2012. 12. 20."

// Arabic in most Arabic speaking countries uses real Arabic digits
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("ar-EG"));
// → "٢٠‏/١٢‏/٢٠١٢"

// for Japanese, applications may want to use the Japanese calendar,
// where 2012 was the year 24 of the Heisei era
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("ja-JP-u-ca-japanese"));
// → "24/12/20"

// when requesting a language that may not be supported, such as
// Balinese, include a fallback language, in this case Indonesian
alert(date.toLocaleDateString(["ban", "id"]));
// → "20/12/2012"

例子：使用 options

可以使用 options 参数来自定义 toLocaleDateString 方法返回的字符串。 

var date = new Date(Date.UTC(2012, 11, 20, 3, 0, 0));

// request a weekday along with a long date
var options = {weekday: "long", year: "numeric", month: "long", day: "numeric"};
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("de-DE", options));
// → "Donnerstag, 20. Dezember 2012"

// an application may want to use UTC and make that visible
options.timeZone = "UTC";
options.timeZoneName = "short";
alert(date.toLocaleDateString("en-US", options));
// → "Thursday, December 20, 2012, GMT"

性能

当格式化大量日期时，最好创建一个 Intl.DateTimeFormat 对象，然后使用该对象 format 属性提供的方法。

上篇： Date.prototype.toLocaleString()

下篇： Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString()